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A. Chatterjee, P. T. Bhatia, A D. Sharma, S. C. Rao, B-N. Kaul, J. G. Bhatia and L. N. Dhillon 2013 The Effect of Antacids on Bacterial and Proteomic Variants in Healthy Subjects with Normal and Irritable Bowel Syndrome-A Retrospective Case-Control Study. PLoS One 8(2): e57774. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0057774 Editor: Cees Roodhuis, Vrije Universiteit Eindhoven, Belgium Received: February 11, 2013; Accepted: September 23, Published: October 16, 2013 Copyright: © Nachiket et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Data Availability: All relevant are within the paper and its Supporting Information files. Funding: The authors have no support or funding to report. Competing interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. Abbreviations: ANABS, antacids; ANABS-2, antacids with 2% sodium citrate.
Introduction Antacids are used in the treatment of diarrhoea and dysentery [1]. The antacids contain either malic acid or bicarbonate, which both have bactericidal properties against gram-negative bacteria, but only malic acid seems to be bactericidal against gram-positive bacteria, and bicarbonate does not prevent multiplication of Gram-positive bacteria [2]. Bactericidal activity of antacids has been investigated and studied over the past several years [3,4], and the results are mixed. Some studies have detected increased mortality in patients on antacids [2,5] or significant differences in outcome between groups that were treated and those not [1,6,7]. Others have detected any difference in mortality between groups on antacids, despite having differences in bactericidal activity [8,9]. why was venlafaxine discontinued in the us This article will review the available evidence of adverse effects antacids in humans order to decide whether antacids should be recommended as a treatment option.
Antacids and Human Health Several case reports and cross-national studies have investigated the effect of antacids on gastrointestinal health in patients with normal and severe inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which may reflect its general use in patients with IBD. one of these studies, a retrospective case-control study of patients with IBD showed that who receive antacids have a significantly higher prevalence of diarrhea at their first hospital admission and at the 4-year follow-up than patients who do not receive antacid treatment [3]. A Cochrane review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with more than 60 IBD patients has shown that the overall mortality is similar in antacids as compared with placebo in patients IBD [6]. However, the RCT findings have not yet been supported by meta-analyses, so caution should be used in concluding based on meta-analyses. The use of antacids as a treatment option in IBD has been investigated on several observational and experimental studies, which Venlafaxine 100 Capsules 100mg $167 - $1.67 Per pill showed different results. There are three case reports venlafaxine 37.5 mg notice in [10,11], two series [12] [13] and a meta-analysis of 14 different randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in [14]. The case reports and series suggest the potential adverse effects of antacids on gastroenterology [5,10,11]. The RCTs also suggest some adverse effects, but overall the evidence is equivocal. Some of the adverse effects include vomiting, ulceration, bleeding, and ulcerations of intestinal mucosal epithelium. The authors of first case series in [10] and the authors of several meta-analyses and RCTs [5,11,14,15], however, did not observe symptoms of IBS in patients undergoing antacid treatment, so ulceration is thought to be caused venlafaxine 37.5 mg cap by bacterial overgrowth. It has been shown that antacids have no effect on the acid secretion of small intestine [16]. Some observational data from case reports and cross-national studies suggest a higher prevalence of ulcerative colitis in patients on antacids for diarrhea [10,11,13], but the overall prevalence of colitis in these patients is still less than in non-antacids patients [17]. The most recent cross-national study on IBD-associated disease and antacids [18] revealed no difference in incidence of gastrointestinal diseases those treated with antacids compared not treated. There are several potential mechanisms related to the antacids and gastrointestinal diseases.
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